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16 Mar 2018

Expansion of (x + a) (x +b)


Expansion of (x + a) (x +b)
          Which two quantities are to be multiplied ? (x +a) and (x + b). which is the equal term in (x + a) (x + b) ?      ……….. x.
          Which are the unequal terms in the quantities (x + a) and                        (x + b) ?                                       ……. a and b
          Study the following multiplication shown in horizontal arrangement.
(x + a) (x + b)       = x × (x + b) + a × (x + b)
                             = x2 + xb + ax + ab
                             = x2 + ax + bx + ab
                             = x2 + (a + b)x + ab
Which are the terms in the product ?    ……x2, (a+b)x and ab
What is the characteristic of the first term ?
………… square of the equal term.
What is the characteristic of the second term ?
…… Sum of the two unequal terms multiplied by the equal term.
What is the characteristic of the third term ?
……..product of the unequal terms.

This can be written in words as follows.
(equal term + first unequal term) (equal term + second unequal term)
= (equal term)2 + (sum of unequal terms) × (equal term) + (product of unequal terms)
This gives us the following formula.
(x+a) (x+b) = x2 + (a+b)x  + ab

Irrational and Real Numbers



Irrational and Real Numbers
Revision : Rational numbers
         

 The numerators in the numbers , , ,  are integers while their denominators are non-zero integers. Hence, these are rational numbers. If p is any integer and q, any non-zero integer, then,  is a rational number
The decimal form of a rational number
          

Two rational numbers can have different decimal forms. To understand the nature of this difference, let us work out the decimal form of two rational numbers  and , and study them. What is the difference in the decimal forms ?


(1)  The decimal form of .

The decimal form of  is 7.9375
As the remainder in this example is 0, the process of division is complete. Hence, we do not get any digit after 5 in the quotient obtained.

          It means that the decimal form 7.9375 is a terminating one. 

Square roots of numbers



Square roots of numbers
          It is customary not to write ‘+’ sign before a positive number. For example, +10 = 10. 

We shall, henceforth, observe this convention in all discussions.
6 ×  = 36     6 is the square root of 36.
Similarly, (-6) × (-6) = 36       (-6) too is a square root of 36.
          
Thus, 6 and -6 are the two square roots of 36.
         

study the following video lessons:


 In the same way, work out in your mind the pairs of numbers of which 4, 49 and 121 are the squares and write statements like the above.

          What do we learn by observing the numbers and their square roots in the above examples?
we see that –
* Every positive number has two square roots.


* These square roots are opposite numbers of each other.






13 Mar 2018

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Lowest Common Multiple (LCM)

READ THE LESSON.
GO THROUGH EXAMPLE VIDEO AND
 LET US FIND ANSWER THE QUESTION BELOW
POST YOUR ANSWER BY COMMENTS.


Lowest Common Multiple 

(LCM)





Carefully consider the following numbers that are divisible by 8 and by 12.

Numbers divisible by 8 (i. e. multiples of 8) :
8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64, 72, …

Numbers divisible by 12 (i. e. multiples of 12) :
12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72, 84, ….

Here the numbers 24, 48, 72, .. are the common multiples of 8 and 12. 24 is the smallest or the lowest of them all. 

Thus, 24 is the smallest or the lowest common multiple or LCM of  8 and 12.

·       Note that the LCM of relative prime numbers is the product of those numbers. 


Examples:

  Find the LCM :


 65, 39




Greatest Common Divisor (GCD)

READ THE LESSON.
GO THROUGH EXAMPLE VIDEO AND
 LET US FIND ANSWER THE QUESTION BELOW
POST YOUR ANSWER BY COMMENTS.





Greatest Common Divisor (GCD)

let us consider the divisors of 84 and 48.
Divisors of 84 : 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 7 , 12 , 14 , 21 , 28 , 42, 84
Divisors of 48 : 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48



We find that the underlined factors 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 are present in both groups. They are called common divisors.

Of these common divisors 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 the biggest divisor is 12.




 It is called the greatest common divisor or the GCD for short. It is also called highest common factor or HCF.



view the examples:




Find the GCD :

 120, 96

11 Mar 2018





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